The Memory Puzzle: How the Brain Stores and Distorts Our Memories
Why don't we remember childhood before a certain period? You can't rely on memory. human, because it is actually very vulnerable. 80% of our memories are actually negative.
Is that true? The person consciously blocks this memory, so that he makes her feel uncomfortable feeling. Why do we remember some, perhaps to us seemingly unnecessary things? But we need We forget things.
The brain is just buzzing when we learn. That is, the probability that we will forget Russian language It's just really, really small. Very small.
Now there will be a frank confession. Me It's hard to remember what I did on the weekend. or what I had for dinner yesterday. In return I can easily recall a poem I learned in sixth grade.
Is it okay to write clothes? their classmates on the first day studying at the university. And I still remember many Ukrainian-language songs from the beginning 2000s, despite the fact that I was still very young then small. Did you recognize yourself? I think you have there are many similar examples, which, by the way, you can already describe in in the comments.
Hello, my name is Alyona. Nizovets and this podcast How to Live. AND today we will explore how our memory works, why do we sometimes we remember absolutely Things we don't need and how they are formed memoirs. And it will help us with this.
physiologist Victoria will figure it out Kravchenko. Victoria Kravchenko - physiologist, Associate Professor, Candidate of Biological Sciences, and also a science popularizer. there are an expert in the field of neuroscience, because analyzes the efficiency of assimilation information in various ways and explores attentional biases associated with stress and anxiety.
Ms. Victoria, I congratulate you. I am glad you see in our studio. Thank you for that. came. Good day, everyone. Thank you for that.
invited. I suggest we start with a blitz. AND since today we will talk about memory and reminiscences, then I would like to read you such popular statements, which can be heard among the people. And to us they need to be either debunked or confirm whether this is true or a myth.
Therefore, pregnant women often face memory problems. Well, it's true, maybe. The psyche is able to block negative memoirs. Maybe capable.
Chocolate improves memory. Not directly, but there may be a certain effect. People who have had Covid-19 can experience memory impairment. Yes, they can.
When remembering a dish, we can moment to really taste it. It is possible. A person can unconsciously appropriate other people's memories. Easy.
This is our brain. We can do everything. With age memory is deteriorating and we can't do anything to influence this. It's getting worse, but we can influence.
Solving puzzles, crosswords, and Playing chess also improves memory. Truth, children remember information better, than adults. Easier, but not always for as long.
There are people who remember better on hearing, and I, in-law, by touch or by sight. But it's true. It is impossible to completely forget another language, if you ever spoke it constantly.
it's completely impossible, but to speak as Once upon a time in childhood, probably not. Well, That is, here you can't be so straightforward. some residual knowledge will remain.
That is, the probability that we will forget Russian language It's just really, really small. Very small. I suggest starting, probably, with this base: about memory to understand because we often hear that we have short-term, long-term, sensory, such a set of some names memory, but how does it all work and what for answers, it is very easy to get confused.
First of all, I think not. It's no secret to anyone that our body is perceives information from our organs flair. And we actually have such a sensory memory.
What is it and how does it work? So, really, when we have in our brain memory traces are formed, so that so that some information is stored there, have to go through certain stages, uh, of how it is imprinted. And, uh, that's how we can say that information is transferred from one, from one repository to another, this has a certain name, as scientists have called it.
And so the very first stage, when we receive information and it really comes through different sensory channels, namely different sense organs, this is called sensory memory. And it is the shortest because it is actually what we are at this moment in time We feel different things because of our own sense organs.
That we are with you now we see, hear, feel the touch, which We have smells here in this studio now. Well, that's all you can feel, eh, it doesn't last long in, eh, ours in our nervous system, but, uh, it is constantly being replaced by the following events.
Therefore, if we speak about how long such memory lasts, then it's actually hundreds of milliseconds. Well, there depends on the channel.
For example, if this there's visual memory, then it's there, well, 300 There are 500 milliseconds there, if you listen a little. longer.
Well, it's like an echo. But then she is replaced by the following events, which are happening. So in fact this is what we at the moment we can describe how much everything we feel is possible. That's it.
there will be sensory memory. And she, well, the shortest, but quite large in in terms of volume. But there is something about this that we, for example, at the moment with you we see, perceive our brain, what we remember later and it remains in our memory. Yes brainwasher, what he leaves in his stash and translates to the next stages of memory, and that we forget.
Well, actually the brain is always busy with what it sorts and what is this we will translate further, and we will filter this out. AND The lion's share is still forgotten.
everything that comes in. And in fact on at the gates and this memory short-term, because sensory is the most common type of short-term memory small. Then there is a short-term one.
when we talk about remembering there minutes, for example. But here it is The entrance is where our attention is first and foremost. Here, that is, these attention filters, so we use them we call, that is, what for us in this the moment is a priority.
But for this certain brain structures work, which are actually, they block incoming information that we currently consider not important at this moment in time. That is Right now, our priority is visual and auditory canal.
We we communicate. Accordingly, everything else that is happening in this room, it is in It goes beyond our attention filters. AND accordingly, even though we now feel there are different touches there, can we there describe the temperature or something else, it does not fall into the time step memory, because we actually weed it out active braking.
And this is what we have structure in the brain, the thalamus is called in diencephalon. And this is actually like this its filter, which is above the thalamus, is already only important information is passed, that is which we decide that we need it now importantly. That's it.
And everything else slows down there, because the brain, although it is very much in us powerful, but it has no resource remember everything. That's why actually this is it attention this is that gate and to short-term memory.
And what are we doing with it? we turn e arbitrarily or improbably, then will proceed to the next stage of processing already ee in neurons that will be ee well be activated by this information and change the interaction there. Here and here it will be like our arbitrary settings.
It's clear, but what interests us now is, importantly. Well, it can also break in information that competes with ours random attention. Everything that will be bright to stand out from the context of another some sensory value, that is, some unexpected sounds, uh, unexpected smells.
Well, that is, everything that suddenly this, uh, disrupts our stable atmosphere, it will automatically guide our vocative weight and it will also come in for the next stages, uh, processing in the brain, for short-term memory, maybe for the long term, as it goes, how important it will be because here any new stimulus, it has priority. That is, conditionally, if it sounds now anxiety, then it is more likely because it will happen suddenly.
is hungry to the internet to see the news, then it will probably pass to us as short-term memory already so it is possible even in the long term a signal that threatens our well-being and then it will be a priority. Of course, that we'll put it through the sensor short-term memory and he will be be processed more carefully and we will Let's remember.
We talked in the blitz about the fact that there are people, who really perceive information better thanks to some specific receptor. For example, I can even see it myself, I I have a very bad ear for it, if it's straight forward.
I'm not focusing. For example, for me it's not the same story that I will clean something and something listen. Ultimately, it won't be like that.
effectively, if I sat down and watched it. Then I would definitely remember it, because I'm a visual person, I remember very well, for example, the page where there was any specific quote that stuck with me amazed. Instead, yes, I have audiobooks.
The skills there are worse. Actually, why is that? is happening? Why do some people have this someone, perhaps, a touch better someone remembers by smell. That's why.
is happening? Well, there are certain individual differences that affect us several factors, but really actually most people are better at perceiving information through the visual channel, because he dominates for us. Are there people who really able to focus better and perceive by sound through the sound channel? Well, there are the smells, the tastes, they still minor.
That is, really people, if they practice, they can do better to remember those smells there or tastes, but it takes practice. Well, actually, like any, uh, channel.
That is, what are these individual Are the differences evident? This is actually in the number of connections between these sensory zones that perceive information, and those structures that already operate under away with this, with this information. It hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
Today it will still be heard here, because they actually key to creating long-term memory. And now we can to say that people have from birth or in in the early development process can more active connections are formed between, for example, the visual cortex and near the frontal there, that is, between the storage visual memories, that's the temporal lobe there and this one near the frontal. If you have more of these connections, then accordingly you it will be easier to remember visually channel.
for those who perceive by hearing, then on the contrary, these are areas from the crown particles, where we analyze sounds. AND here is the number of connections, contacts of these synapses with the frontal lobe, which is involved in retrieval into active recall, it will be bigger.
It can be both innate, and as a result of early experience when the child simply took longer to perceive certain information through this channel. That is, let's say if a child, uh, well, I don't know, was born there into a family of musicians, constantly listened to music, they paid attention to it attention there, yes, well, that is, uh, they paid attention attention, this is important, yes, that is, we we understand that our attention is, uh, this gate in good memory, then it will be better distinguish, uh, sounds and remember sounds.
This is how you can see this phenomenon there absolute hearing. They often ask there, Why is that, that only some people can do that? distinguish all these frequencies e and reproduce and say which one it is sound, while others cannot. So, here it is, for example, it has been shown that people with absolute pitch, their share is greater in in those countries where languages are tonal.
That is, these Eastern languages, where there are tones, well, there it is some those are the languages spoken in China, in Vietnam, then there is a need to distinguish from shades of these tones in order to understand, the words will be different there. Yes, so in these excerpts we, well, on Ours are European ears, so let's do it that way.
to say, we do not distinguish them these tones, and accordingly children who grow up and for them these are all significant incentives, then they can distinguish barely noticeable differences in sounds. And then, let's say, when it comes to developing musical abilities, then They have a fair share of people among the musicians there.
with absolute pitch, e can reach 50%. Ugh. Eastern countries, European countries proportion of people with perfect hearing among musicians there, well, up to 15%. And that's just it.
connects with the fact that just like that load on the auditory cortex because barely perceptible sounds need to be distinguish. That is, this is training.
AND of course, if all the time goes in some way channel, yes, the need perceive and distinguish a large number stimuli, then this channel is developed better. And this will contribute to the fact that a person it will be better to hear and to remember Well, we basically have still more on the visual channel load and accordingly the child is there, when he plays there, looks, yes, there He can distinguish some colors, that's all.
Well, that is. most of our, uh, developing toys, they are aimed at visual system. And accordingly this creates that we perceive information better visual. But there may be prerequisites, related to the fact that the brain already has certain presets and more connections between these zones.
Is this possible? change somehow in adulthood? Well, for example, if it's a cook, yes, and for it's like distinguishing tastes there Notes are very important. Or if there is Spices somehow connect people.
THERE ARE, I also had experience. I took interview with a perfumer and, for example, when He lets me hear what they say there, to smell something, then for me it's, well, is floral. This is me in the store with perfume, well, floral.
They start to tell there tone tone like that, tone what, you think: "Well, here is a note, there is a note, here is a tree, etc There's a linden tree, hop, and here you're already from one The smell of another changes. And for me, for example, these are two identical ones, because, Well, really, I'm not really used to it there.
somehow perceive it by smell". That is, I am so I understand that this can also be developed from practice. Yes.
Well, our brain is very plastic and it trains to do what you teach him. That is, if you want to become a perfumer now, then there are months of training with By distinguishing different smells you will begin to do it. And this actually applies any of its sensory channels.
But, Of course, this happens in childhood. easier. That's because plasticity is higher in childhood and therefore more easily distinguished, information is remembered. That is, the brain child, he's just, uh, well, set up to constantly perceive new information, memorizing some patterns.
It everything happens easier, there is more favorable factors, but in adulthood There is also a large amount of research, which shows that if we start at to specialize for some reason, then we sometimes This usually takes a few months, neurons begin to respond its signal to those two stimuli which they used to seem the same. That is first there is the so-called e stage generalizations, for example, when we two sounds very close to ee are given frequency.
But if you imagine it there... piano, then it's a white note and immediately when it's not a black key. But that's it, that's it.
there will be some, if I'm not mistaken, some there was a small second. It is very close. sounds and, let's say, a person who is not trained for this, it seems that There are some very close sounds. If there is a task that you have to distinguish the first and second sounds and give them some different consequences, yes, that is associative learning.
You play the first note. give me some candy there, well, there, my friend You give me a note, eh, well, I don't know, so be it. some other, uh, some kind of reward or something It's less pleasant there.
Let there be marshmallows, yes. let's not think about some unpleasant, unpleasant, although it is much faster teaches, by the way, when some people come painful stimuli, but nevertheless it is shown what the distinction of sounds is, our brain starts to react to it well because there are several dozen combinations already he is distinguishes, and then directly occurs the changes are so structural that they lead to the point where the brain clearly distinguishes increasingly close sounds that are compared. That means it can all be trained.
The main thing give it time, repeat and have a system. So you can train if you want. still listen to these podcasts and prepare. I have the same one too, by the way.
history. I'm very distracted. That is I don't know if this is in my ears. I can concentrate very well. That is, if Is there some kind of background music or something? something that I don't need later Telling someone is normal.
But I also, well, this is not my channel, Let's say so. Well, but this is something you can do if if necessary develop. Friends, I can forget the author's question.
favorite book or character name from Harry Potter, and I read these books and watched the movies hundreds of times. But, believe me, I will never forget everyone who subscribe to our channel and put like or even write a comment, for example, about your favorite memory from childhood.
By the way, just mentioning these different channels, and with foreign languages I can to say, because I have a first degree Spanish teacher and I have been for four years worked with children and adults as well. I saw how learning a language, perception, for example, of accents different in adults and young children is happening.
And as much as the children could watch a cartoon? I turned them on there. some cartoon in English and they were just imitating that phonetics, yeah, that is, the pronunciation of the word, as it was in cartoon. An adult will not repeat it either.
Will not repeat. And that's exactly what it is. childhood advantage in learning foreign languages languages, because we have so-called sensational periods, eh, when is better certain things are learned. Oh, and here are the languages - this is just the first one there, well, up to three years old This is absolutely perfect.
Kids, they, um, well, these phonemes, they repeat and perceive like relatives. But these are the phonemes that sound in the first year, what surrounds them. And therefore, in fact, if they are surrounded by several languages, and then they will automatically be theirs to distinguish, to study.
Oh, and there very interesting is the study that when a child is born, it can distinguish these tonal differences. That's what I was saying, these Eastern languages.
Our children will feel them too. But then, because this language is not heard in the environment, then this is actually being closed windows, let's say, and neurons They are not distinguished there for a certain time. Now if we hadn't listened, well, it's very difficult to distinguish, there, when they say three different words, like that one in some Chinese language, but for us it's sounds like one thing, but it's completely different it matters because there's this tone is different, then the children have just them in the first year they can do it all very well distinguish and imitate perfectly.
They have Actually, all learning is initially based on this repetition and well how mirroring, imitation. And this is very cool because it doesn't need some explanation, right? They just ape what they see through these eyes mirror neuron systems.
And that's why it this is natural because the child has learn to communicate with those who are She has someone who feeds her, someone who nurtures her. AND accordingly, this happens very quickly.
But there is an advantage here for adults, that they pay for it, for example, for language learning. And they have a purpose and motivation very often.
And therefore learning effectiveness, again, with own example of work, yes, this It was painstaking work, they were there for hours. should have spent on the fact that the child is very will do it quickly.
And yet the results were better than those of children who Dad-mom paid, They want to play, they were forced to. to make that English-Spanish language, They did everything there, they ran.
Yes, they are remember more words there, for example. Ah, but then again, here I am a great example. I no longer practice.
Spanish, because I am in journalism, that is, 5 years and I have no one to practice it with. So what if I had already forgotten her? I understand. that I will arrive on Wednesday and when I have there will be no choice but to speak another language, I I will speak, but not as quickly as I used to.
I said, I won't talk like that anymore. And again well, the phonetics are the same, it is also is lost. That is, her pronunciation a little different.
Although I'm watching, kids, who went abroad after full-scale invasion, they are very quickly caught there, for example, British accent, which to me, well, really super complicated, complex. But I agree.
Well, that's just it. this environmental influence that is imposed for a favorable, sensitive period development. This is perfect.
Therefore we say, What if the kids leave, well, small, they can become a full, uh, member of that society, including through the language aspect, therefore that they won't even have an accent. If there after seven years, already this accent will be traced, although, of course, not as much as in adulthood.
IN adulthood is very difficult because our neural networks are already specialized and they were not ready, that they will need to relearn some there the language is almost as native as it is, we will say so because they already specialized for other tasks. We learned to read, count, do some things we need for our work.
And this also takes time and certain neural networks. And this is actually happening. there is a term called crosscycling, recycling, yes, there is a reworking of actually existing ones neural networks for the tasks we do in uh, adult life. And therefore what was we have potentially, it could be under in a certain language, yes, that's it was remade for us to perform some our functional responsibilities.
I would like to talk more about smells and taste, because it's very interesting, you know, there are times when you eat something food and here, for example, with borscht. This is very common.
yes, you eat and understand, no, not like that borscht, like my mother used to cook. Although despite the fact that you didn't eat your mother's food with your hands anymore borsch. And this is also somehow a memory, or do we It seems like we remember that taste? THERE ARE, taste and smell, these two systems, they are very uh uh are strongly related to the emotional, uh component of perception.
That is, they are so powerful, uh, Triggers that can cause these early memories. And so, uh, this one actually The taste of mom's borscht is like this, well, indeed, most people do is imprinted on your life as something, Well, it's related to that happy one. childhood and so on.
Well, actually, If you think about it like that, then there are no two alike. borscht. Well, if we are so careful about We'll approach this like chemists, well, it has to be value all all components ratio, uh, I don't know, volume then the liquid in which we dissolve it all, every spice there, everything will contribute a certain a note, it will still be different. That's it.
Well, it's hard to say whether we're there. directly built-in such an analyzer that molecules can tell that it's mom's, Borscht is not my mother's. But in general, well, in In principle, every housewife has it a little bit.
is different. Plus it is superimposed on attachment to a loving person, happy childhood. Therefore, probably, recreate mom's borscht, there is no bride chances. It's better to just cook some Yours, yes, and it will be delicious there too.
But to compete it's difficult because it's still like this very strong memories that are still ingrained Well, in this one, the sense of smell is more ingrained there. with emotions, but they smell smells create half the flavor paintings.
Because if we lose the smell, as we remember from our recent covid stories, then everything becomes very taste bland. As a result, we It seems like we can taste it, but when someone lost olfactory sensitivity during this illness, they felt very strongly that how important it is that we felt the aroma.
And there really is olfactory stimulation occurs receptors. And when we breathe in, well, there They leaned over the wrong plate, yes, but When we swallow, these eyes are cold. substances, they still rise through nosebleed.
And this is such a retronasal stimulation. That is, they are still continuing. stimulate our olfactory receptors. Ago This is an even more prolonged effect than we used to think.
That is, earlier it was believed that smell olfactory information It only comes in the first stages. AND it turns out that when we eat, it is still stimulates us with these volatile substances, while the food is in the mouth cavity, it still adds quite a bit.
Ago when all this is excluded, then everything It turns out to be something wet, hot, something there crispy and I don't know. About this emotional me I would probably say a component.
In general There is such a thing as involuntary memory. AND who may have read Marcel Proust in in search of lost time, he is there in the first volume describes the moment where he where the main character dips the Madeleine cake in tea, takes a bite and starts to remember active childhood. And even now the metaphor is Madeleine Proust, if I don't I'm wrong.
And actually, I think everyone now can recall an example where they something was perceived by taste or smell and were returning to some memory of theirs. It just talking about memory no longer, but about our emotions.
The specifics of this phenomenon are simple. It is indeed recorded in most books. books there on psychophysiology, in that it smells more like this cookies, her olfactory channel, ours the structure of our olfactory, e.g. analyzer, it, uh, uh, it's connected to those structures brain that are involved in emotional memory.
and providing emotional assessment. That is, there, if we look at the number of connections between those structures where it is processed Olfactory information is the same there medulla, amygdala, there is a complex of nuclei in the temporal lobe, uh, and in the hippocampus, then there will be the most of them if we compare with the visual channel, with, ee, auditory canal, there, tactile. Uh, so we actually have an olfactory brain, it very, uh, closely related to emotional these emotional structures and all it is processed before we even see it we realize.
This is a specific feature of the olfactory system. channel. Therefore, the smells are really very powerful. are related to the context where we use them we perceive.
And if at this moment we going through some emotional uh well, emotional events, but if this is something important for us, significant, it is automatically engraved. Well, in this there is a sense in which we remember, if, let's say, these are some negative events, then it is very important that the smell, if it was related, well, the smell is like what precedes what will happen now something bad, it's very important to remember That is, if there was a smell somewhere bad and then there's this, well, I don't know, the result of some kind of explosion or something Is there a chemical accident or a gas leak there? So we understand that it is critical important things.
That is, if it smells like gas, we understand that we need to escape because This means that something else might happen there. explosion and it is dangerous.
Therefore, the brain remembers There is also food there, which has gone bad, smells bad and accordingly also it should very clearly evoke in us reaction immediately. And there we can clearly see the connections between This olfactory analyzer and the islet are a structure in the brain that responds to this immediately, when something is wrong with us smells.
Yes, it starts very quickly, but as a bonus it also works with positive emotions. Therefore, really There are scents that stick where we don't even expect it. Often in There is a smell of perfume somewhere in the transport.
some nice ones, there, I don't know, there carries over to a hundred, I don't know, the first love or there Yes, Well, they all smell somehow, and you can some kind of smell can be caught there or flowers that once were there, someone there gave. And that's exactly what they smelled like.
AND this starts a whole chain like this and memories. Well, okay, if it's pleasant, then but, but it's really hard to fight this, because you smell it, you're like I wasn't going to think about it, but it did. fully activates the whole situation, where where is it was.
That's it. Well, by the way, that's how it still works. very good music, songs. Well, if compare, which can cause a lot of clear so literally detailed photographic memories, then these are smells and musical works. Here, I think that also in everyone is there first love, first kiss someone.
And and of course that's usually what happens there during some musical accompaniment. But, well, just some the atmosphere is not necessarily there connected with something romantic. That is, for example, you are there somewhere sometime somewhere there We were driving, music was playing on the bus, yes, Drivers always listen to music.
Here I am. Sometimes I catch myself like this flashbacks when they put on music somewhere, well, since the time I grew up there. And oh every one The song always brings it right back to me.
I'm on a trip somewhere. Here I think, oh my god, I went there once. bus to Kaniv for practice. We are still young. students traveled, so we have a bus there, who came from this Kaniv bus station and there the driver, uh, Kaniv Kyiv.
The driver worked there all his life, I think, one is the same, because I'm there several once there for how many years did you go there and I see that I'm right, well, the face is familiar. But what's really interesting is that they have a cassette stood there.
I don't know how this is possible. to endure in terms of what he is sitting down, but he seems to have some kind of, you know, routine. So he came to work, put this cassette in and he has two twos there cassettes and he is in Kiev.
So there it is. there was, well, some kind of Soviet one there Untsink, there's some Sofia Rataru, something. Well, I don't remember what, but I was so surprised because I once heard this song somewhere and I just immediately ended up in this minibus to Kaniv or on the bus to Kaniv and I think, why should I This is needed here now.
but it absolutely and I remember the smells in this on the bus, and what does it look like there? The Dnieper River as we pass through it. Well, that is, an absolutely very clear memory and musical works work very powerfully in in this regard.
I have the same thing with fragrances. AND sometimes when I go into a clothing store, They have some kind of diffuser that smells good to me. the way Italian homes smell.
Ago that as a child, I used to ride for 11 years exchange with an Italian family. And here in Every home smelled exactly like that. I can't To be honest, I can't describe this smell yet.
I will feel. I'm not even a pastry, it's like that like margarine, but margarine doesn't seem to smell. And somehow, until I feel it, I don't even remember him at all, but the moment I feel me immediately pictures pop up and It's like you're watching a movie from the past.
How cool is our musician? Steeply. This is a very amazing phenomenon. this is olfactory or auditory, well, this is musical memory. And this, by the way, is possible to use for the purpose of recovery memories if they are lost.
That is now this is such a powerful direction, uh, when we're talking about people who already have memory impairment. Well, mostly it concerns already, uh, people older, yes, when they have cognitive impairment begins or is it there may even be dementia, then, uh, one one of the ways to, uh, maintain memories is, uh, smells that are supposed to remind them of some events and music.
These are musical. works are directly recommended to people who care for such patients that choose a library, or how to say, not a library, but a music library, a playlist, and of those works that you know are yours there grandparents, that they listened to them there and and they know, and they are very good at it activate these memories in them, when actually doesn't launch anything else. That is, it is already explicitly stated in protocols, how it can be used.
And the smells are so direct that I saw the games, well, like these educational ones for adults At that age, where are these, well, tubes with different flavors, and they have smell them, tell what they are and what they are used for it is associated there. And this is necessary Don't play when it's already time.
The illness came, but a little earlier. Uh, just like a filling, but then this smell, it can recreate the situation, for example, how they played. But that's it.
can be associated with certain situations. So, for example, this smell is what we we connect there with this place in the kitchen, where they are there, I don't know, some spices, right? This smell can be associated with some kind of filing cabinet, yes, that is, and then these people, if they feel smell, they brain understands that it is somehow related to this locker. That is, he He no longer understands why he needs to go there, but he will come, and there will be a passport there or some pills that need to be taken to drink.
That is, there are such methods as through smell and association. If this smell associated with this place, how can it be bring back? That's when we already consciously, verbally we cannot do this, because destruction has already occurred there. But we are talking about some emotional events that we then somehow long-term memory is delayed, but there are very emotional events that we somehow we forget or as we said in blitz, our psyche is blocking it there.
Why is that? is happening? Well, it's mostly about emotional events with a negative sign. That is, this traumatic events that we find unpleasant remember. That is, it is something that either threatened our lives or dignity, or it put us in some very an unattractive situation.
But, of course, in Everyone has some kind of memories, uh, to which I just don't want to go back. And this It's called motivational forgetting. That is, the person consciously blocks this memory, because he makes her feel uncomfortable, uh, feeling.
And this is actually a function, uh, prefrontal cortex. We have a big one there. the number of neurons that secrete inhibitory neurotransmitters and it actually inhibits hippocampal activation and those, uh, areas where these are stored memoirs. So it's actually several Sometimes this happens deliberately.
That is, we we don't want to remember it there, and then already, uh, when we don't have any information we remember, well, first intentionally, then it's just that somehow it's already separating, then of course, any memory, it has tendency to fade away if we don't use it if we don't We retell, we don't reactivate. That's why, Well, in many cases it works, well, but sometimes it doesn't work.
And then this can be a big problem psychological, which threatens the mental health. Here we can talk about flashbacks, there's PTSD. and overturning, for example, rollover and some combat injuries.
And I would just like to forget all of this. That's it. But it doesn't always work out. And then with this Psychologists are already working to make this memory actually how to rewrite and somehow to speak it out and somehow, well, let's say, lead to a different interpretation because we can't erase this trace, but we Can we start this in a different way? think. Well, but that's basically it.
such quite conscious things when we don't we want to remember something there and we try to push it out because it It makes us feel hurt and uncomfortable. Brain doesn't like it when he's uncomfortable.
Or, let's say some information that is not is consistent with our picture of the world. It This happens very often. Well, here you go, for example, we have some certain ones there political preferences, right? That is, we have there we like some people there and we understand that they will be better off there to govern there, I don't know, the country there or There's something there, and we don't like these.
AND accordingly, when we listen to some information about those we like, we remember it well, we are there we spread and look for certain things there patterns. But, let's say, those over there candidates there or some people there politicians who are not unpleasant to us, even if they do something good, like the brain encounters such dissonance, because we know that this is a person who cannot do anything good a priori.
These are our cognitive biases. AND such information is less easily remembered. These are studies that directly show, like people before the elections in America they showed videos of various candidates. And depending on which did these people have preferences, or was there something behind Republicans, or conservatives, yes, Well, that is, they then asked her, what did they remember from these videos and there after a different number of days something there asked again, it is absolutely clear that people do not want, that is, where their opponents are, they remember, fixate only on negatives and everything that is good, they just They say: "This did not happen." That's it.
And there, where about some of their favorites, they They remember the good and think about it later. something that didn't even exist, so that, well, so that in order not to distort your picture of the world violate.
And this, unfortunately, is how it is. and it works. While preparing for our podcast, I'm somewhere saw information that 80% of our memories are actually negative. Is that true? You know, I don't know that number.
Exactly 80% of memories are negative. Well, here it is, uh, really we have, uh, well, let's say, negative information is very important for memorization and we really use it often we fix, but not, well, the figure of 80% - this, probably something like that is an exaggeration, I think. Well, here again everything is very depends on the person, that is, on their individual typological features, because there are people who are made up of people who they are more fixated on the negative, yes, this is such a negative affectation, they simply see their filter in their surroundings attention, and he singles you out what is more negative.
That is, we we'll, well, take a few there people who will sit in one situation somewhere out there, I don't know, on some party, and something will happen there and good and bad. And then, when we're through We'll ask in 5 years, then someone will tell you tell something funny, good about this parties.
Someone says: "And then there "They brought some dish that wasn't fresh." Well, someone got drunk there and fell there, I don't know, into some ditch. That is, this is all if only one and the same, in principle, event.
But we we remember different ones depending on our settings. Here are both optimists and pessimists, and those who are more, well, on on some kind of sensations from the body of a person more sharpened, yes, they are more more they listen more to their own people pain and so on. They have them too.
such a tendency to single out negative e signals and they have a better brain than them recognizes. They will remember that they Did it get bad there then or is something bad there? it smelled and so on.
And you will listen, You think: "Did that really happen?" That is, this quite individually, but in general negative memories, they have a greater a catch to protect against further repetition of any such situations. That is, The instinct of self-preservation somehow comes out.
Actually, everything that is emotionally marked is is a priority for the brain and first and foremost in order to save us from so as not to repeat the pain, whatever it may be was, physical, there, psychological or still some. So that's normal.
But about I haven't found any information about the figure of 80%. in, uh, let's say, in some sources there scientific, but maybe I'm missing something I watched. Well, you gave the example of a party.
Oh, me too I want to use this same example to understand A slightly different topic. These are false memories. Ugh.
Because, for example, it really sits company, well, let's imagine some kind of holiday. But if a certain amount of time passes and each of those present will begin to describe the situation, Everyone will tell you something, not just what the other person is saying. diverse, or rather, someone will appropriate someone's memories, despite the fact that it probably isn't there was.
My brother and I are always like this is happening. We traveled a lot. with him and when we retell it later some kind of story, it turns out that there is little that we remember this and that differently this is some kind of memory, my brother always does also says: "You are exaggerating, and also I told you something and maybe not from You were there at all, you appropriated something for yourself, and I'm sure I've experienced it." And so we constantly have these discussions about this topics. Could this be happening unconsciously that we Do we generally appropriate false memories? AND Why do we need them at all? Why the brain? Does ours do this? But false memories actually happen.
much more often than we can imagine imagine. And trust memories a lot a person is not worth it, because there is a story here such that every time we remember any situation, we have the process of re-it, well, let's say, activation of these neural networks, which are there recorded this information. When we we say that the information is remembered, this There is a term called memory consolidation.
This is it the word consolidation, it's in physiology speaks of the consolidation of memory traces. So, it means that it is already firmly in our hands.
It's somewhere in my long-term memory. That's it. Well, I would like to believe that we are something It happened there, we got him there. perceived, remembered and here it lies in this unchanged form.
And every time We took it out as a book and read it. and put it back in its place. But this it doesn't work like that at all, because everyone once we get this book, conditionally speaking, and we retell, a process occurs called reconsolidation. That is, these connections between neurons, they become again reactivated.
And in fact, at this moment we we rewrite this memory and it grows new details depending on the way we remember it. And when we we tell it to our friends there or on some meetings of classmates there or I don't know, you know, when people are there once in a while year or some relatives meet there and when some stories are retold, Someone will make a joke, someone will remember something.
That is, if it was some kind of collective history, yes, then someone must have something will add that you then do not paid attention. And so you tell me and so we then went there, there, so we went in there, I don't know, we met someone and still there, but says: "Ah, and then these "We came this evening." And then we were still with met those.
Well, that is, someone adds, you are not sure because you do this they didn't remember it then, but this story is growing with these new details. AND actually, when this all happens again, uh, it was retold with different narratives, yes, then you already have it all recorded in pile.
Well, and actually the brain is not like that anymore It makes a big difference where your a story that is not yours. That is, the next Once you tell the story, it's enough for you.
It will be difficult to separate whether it is you yourself Did you see it or did someone tell you about it? If they tell it quite vividly, with some emotions, with some very details, sometimes it happens that you you just feel like you saw it. That's all.
And it is overwritten as yours own memory. And to distinguish it actually impossible. That is, if someone really It is very difficult to set a goal to bring a person out. on uh clean water, yes, that is, if you you know for sure that she didn't do this in that situation, she tells me that she there, well, I don't know, I was at some party some kind of competition and she won it main prize.
Well, you know, some there competitions, There's something like that in hell. So there's something there won and some things happened there funny stories. It could really be there.
another person, a friend or something, but if it's very vivid story to tell a few times and say, well, what is this, what is this? you were and it was quite a long time ago and that more, if it was a party, there's more, probably there could have been some cocktails, but alcohol distorts this whole story, then a person can do it all by himself to write it down as such, that is, bright eh well not I know, the movie she was in. AND she absolutely, if she is sure that she did it, it's very difficult, uh, break.
Unless you have a video recording, where you show: "You know, if it's there someone's wedding and the contest was won by this guy someone else, not you, right? So, here you are. Look, this could be it.
unpleasant because you are absolutely convinced that it happened to you because We kind of negotiated it like that. Here, So it's very easy for us, well is happening.
Also, these are often false memories arise if you look often some kind of, well, some kind of event happened and a lot is said and shown about it The TV is showing this event. Well, that is something.
This is more significant. Well, it could be. Is there some kind of disaster or something? on the contrary, something is coming there celebrities. Well, and if there's a lot of that they say, they show, they retell, then After years, people begin to think that they were present there.
These are the ones paromnesia. And this is quite common. is happening. I once, uh, called it for myself the effect of the postal service. I don't know, Are you, uh, well, probably not? remember.
And when I was little, in We had such a story happen in Kyiv, that the main entrance to the Parshtam chapters collapsed. There it is, just in broad daylight.
collapsed and there were even a few victims, that is, there were, well, people who It's just that at this moment they were coming out and this They showed it, they said it. It was like this, Well, well, what is this? Well, we have it now, Unfortunately, something breaks down every day.
That's it. And then it was very, well, news, news. They showed it to everyone there. news. And then, uh, after a while many people began to appear who were That day, they decided right there. send a letter, let's go.
That is, uh, Let's say, in fact, there was one. two or three people who were actually on this, well, in this place, when this collapsed. It was the middle of the day there, well, maybe there are another 15-20 people passing by passed, but then so many people started to tell how they saw it themselves.
That is, if we write down all these testimony, it will turn out that there was already just some kind of rally that day, because Everyone saw how the main post office collapsed. That's it.
But in reality, people were just watching. news and they feel like they're right there were passing somewhere. That's it.
Well, maybe people I want to be, uh, you know, uh, related to something that happened. And here I am there, well, you'll notice when something happens, everyone says: "And I I was just coming from nearby, and I was just I was there yesterday, and today this, well, that is everyone wants to somehow tie themselves to some such significant event and then somehow the brain can melt it and it turns out that after a couple of years: "But I "I was there, I saw it." And it's already very difficult this is to distinguish. And how can the Mandela effect be explained? Well, when a large group of people think that That's exactly how it was.
Well, for example, there example with monopoly, with this little man, Yes, he has pince-nez. Me too it seemed like he had pince-nez, and he had he is not there. Or is there Mickey Mouse, or is there a Oh my God, I forgot how to pronounce it.
Suspenders. Yes, yes, suspenders. They are not there. Well, there are many examples. We We will show our viewers with inserts that this means. You can now comment, by the way, whether it is possible with This has happened to you.
So how do you explain this? Well, it could be that, let's say, Are there any lifts there? absence, that is, in some other context, these heroes appeared precisely in such combinations. And oh well, these are people remember and transfer to another situation where they see it.
That is since everyone sees it, well, one situation, and another, then if it a more general image is imposed this Mickey Mouse. I don't know about monopoly, to be honest.
I, well, that is, well, there's this little detail that supposedly and Yes, and you think so, and so you I saw it somewhere. Well, maybe it really is in some kind of advertisement.
was this person used there with this pince-nez somewhere without. Oh, and the Mandela effect is Why is he Mandela? Because Mandela because everyone thought he was dead and back in the 80s and 90s, I definitely won't now to claim, we have prescribed. He didn't die and then become president.
in South Aga. And when people saw this news, they thought he had died in prison, because he was a prisoner, yes? But I saw that they explained it by saying, that there was another activist with him, who was imprisoned at the time and he died in prison. And in people, perhaps because of this, Well, yes, actually, probably somewhere in There was information in the news that someone There, one of the people who came into contact with him died.
IN In principle, in prison you can easily die. But somehow it became entrenched. Well, I mean, I don't think it's any kind of Such a specific phenomenon. Just once similar images are used next to each other, then it gets mixed up because Our brain doesn't store everything there.
detailed if it is for us personally not very important. Well, Mandela, probably. which is not super important for our people. THERE ARE, that's why it's like, well, it's some kind of activist, who sat there for a long time, died, and here it turns out that he just died and everyone was surprised.
Yes, why don't we remember childhood before a certain period? And again, not everyone. Not everyone. Yes, I was reading a book while preparing for our podcast We are our brain.
And there the example of Salvador Dali was given, who allegedly claimed that he remembered yourself in the womb. Knowing creativity Salvador Dali, despite the fact that it is mine favorite artist, I can doubt, of course, that he remembers something like that.
But is it at all? perhaps? And is it possible for an adult the person remembered his childhood, for example, a wound? Uh, so here we have to say that in We have different types of memory. Well, we remembered there briefly today, long-term and so on.
And in psychophysiology a lot revolves around the concept declarative and non-declarative memory, or what is it called explicit and implicit. This is like tracing paper from English.
That is, in fact, and the memory we can pass on in words, to describe anything. But this called declarative memory. We her we can declare.
And accordingly she is formed somewhere, uh, well, from the age of three, when the child is actually already hers, she learned to speak and she learned tell something about yourself. That is, for this are needed for these to form language skills.
And that memory that most of us, well, as we are so used to you, what do I remember, because I'm talking about I can tell you this. Well, of course, that the child we can't tell about something when we couldn't speak yet.
Yes and so it turns out that we don't know this part of life we can retell. But there is a memory like this called implicit or, uh, non-declarative, such a funny term, yes, non-declarative. And it is formed unconsciously, simply through repetition and certain actions.
Here all our procedural skills are involved, since it's like walking there, riding on bike, do something. Well, any procedures, yes, that is, how do we let's remember how to do it.
Well, Actually, speaking, writing, that's all procedures through multiple repetitions. We, uh, no, m, uh, actually unconsciously do this we do, yes, and it's very difficult for us afterwards explain to someone. For example, if we They ask: "So you ride a bike?" "Tell me how you do it." Ugh.
Teach me to ride a bike? Well, what? What do you say? Sit down and repeat after me. No, well Well, it's some kind of muscle memory, maybe. Well, it can, it's not just muscle, it's this a set of separate procedures that the brain has to combine into such a complex a complex thing.
Well some call it that muscle memory, if it's related, for example, well actually with riding bicycle. But it could be some kind of ee the sequence of actions you take work.
Well, I don't know, if it has something to do with the algorithm the sequence of events there that you have to do to achieve a certain result. Uh, so actually when they ask you, "Are you you do it automatically, and even you Do you wash dishes there or, I don't know, is there something there? You knit and watch TV, right? That is, here "How do you do that?" Well, try it.
tell me how you do it. That is, well, it is necessary to somehow translate the language of what from our hands, muscles, yes, somehow This is linguistic. Well, of course, sports coaches they are doing this, they are trying explain, but it's much easier just stand and repeat after him.
Eh, and having repeated it so many times, we we study or learn some dance there dance, yes, sequence. First of all It is very difficult to master any dance.
It's just a collection of very complex small elements. The brain simply boils when we learn. But then it will stick together and we repeat it all without thinking. So, getting back to the children, they have two or three years actually the most this implicit memory works because they do everything by imitating.
They are all that they do, it is remembered as sequence of actions. But to describe this difficult because this language doesn't exist yet formed conceptual apparatus. Ago we can say that so far such but declarative memory is not no, well, she doesn't exist, that's why the child can't describe.
But if something really bad happened such, again emotionally activating, well, that is, there, I don't know, she's there somewhere fell, got hurt, well, in the sense that she was it hurts, someone shouted at her, or on the contrary, there's something very good there, I don't know, They gave her a million balloons. some pink pony there, well, some.
And this absolutely amazed her. child. then she can remember it as this is a memory, well, more like this like a photograph, maybe. Yes, that is, she maybe it was something like this, it will be not detailed.
It won't be like we We tell you that that's where I went from parents to the sea, I don't know where I am, bought some kind of inflatable toy there, that's it It will be somewhere after four years maybe children to tell, and before that there will be some a feeling of some happiness, something great, pink. Everyone, everyone, everyone is dancing there, It's a birthday, right? That is, such there will be some kind of memory.
That's when people they say they remember more, it's means that most likely this story passed down in the family. Or seen on videotapes, or seen.
This is generally what we have now there are a lot of videos and photofixation, it greatly improves this whole memory. Well, and now it's everywhere described that what we fast our there photos on social networks and so on.
AND we then have this Facebook there or something reminds me that this was a year ago, people remember the events of their life much better life. This is such a phenomenon now, is connected precisely with the fact that we have become much more of it and fix it, and contact him.
Because before, Well, how many of those photos are there? life was, was born, went there kindergarten there with Santa Claus, there with graduation certificate, got married, gave birth your child. Well, that is, actually, if look at the photo album, well, you can, well, There will be up to 100 photos in a lifetime, and here But still, you have to do this and that.
Well, actually, this is, of course, an exaggeration, but we, when we look at it this way, we We better remember what we did. So, kids, if they say they don't anymore children, and adults, if they say that they remember even earlier or well about I won't touch my mother's womb here.
comment, although some people say that this is also all possible, because there are already some there are neurons there and they are something there imprinted, some sensory experience, but basically emotional memories, they can leave a certain feeling that It seems like something like that happened. And if this relatives tell me, it's wonderful is embedded in our pictorial memory.
AND then we start telling stories as if it were It really was like that. I have one too. a story from the family archive that I I understand that I couldn't do it. remember because I was 2 at the time years and but I her here when, as her I often mention it there, so it seems to me that I I remember that.
I was taken from there for the first time. We went to the sea, we traveled by train. Well, it was a long time, for sure. It was, well, me.
I don't know if it was the first plane, I I don't know anymore. Well, but it was all very interesting. I really liked it as a child.
to go somewhere on the train, because that's adventure. And at some point a fly flew in in this compartment. And I said very happily that Mom, look, the fly is also going to the sea.
Well, and So everyone there laughed, what a fly goes to the sea. And this story, it's just... retold. And it seems to me that I am her I remember it clearly.
But I was 2 years old. and I, as a physiologist, understand that I don't I can remember. Although I am so now I can just imagine this coupe, also some kind of the smell of both that mother and some fly there. Well, but, well, but still, it's probably this It's just these stories, they're the ones I have, it's not that false memories, it's just that I couldn't keep it up like this.
equal, because it's very childish. That's it. And what else is this implicit memory, it very interesting because it can be us we can sometimes have some situations, they are in our evoke some kind of emotional feelings and we don't understand why. For example, we Let's go there, I don't know, to some crowded place.
place there, and we start to feel, well, discomfort, anxiety there or somewhere, well, that is, something could have happened in the early childhood. We were lost, we were there, well, they ordered us something, somewhere there they punished there and somewhere in some situations there they said: "And I, I don't know." That is, something that is very emotional caused activation.
Amygdala I realized that it was bad. Language still couldn't describe it. But now we can in such situations it's so sad to feel some kind of uneasiness, some kind of discomfort. We don't like those there.
We don't like crowded places there. near the water something, if there God forbid Did the child drown there, yes, there she is, Well, I mean, there could be a fear of water, that is, we don't remember this situation, but The brain has recorded this and is transmitting it to the otaku. through emotion.
And they work with this too psychologists to understand where this comes from there may be phobias, hence there are some Panic attacks are not uncontrolled. AND actually the story may be related to this implicit memory of children and probably some settings too memory.
Yes, yes, yes, yes. And this building too sequence, chronology and place, this it still needs some time to mature those structures that are responsible for this. So the child is already fine.
everything starts to build somewhere after four years, so that it is straight uh-uh Well, you could tell. And one more, to things about this childhood memory, uh, or rather, uh, not memory, yes, this is it, uh, Childhood amnesia, that's what it's called.
AND What's more, we have such a phenomenon, like, uh, cutting off unnecessary contacts between neurons. This is called synoptic pruning.
Well, this is a tracing paper again, with in English. That is, first there At 2 years old, the brain gains enormous number of contacts through this perception of everything, yes, that collapses on this baby who has just been born. And that's it.
still affects through all these sensory channels. This must be remembered. A huge amount is formed brain contacts, and then, uh, somewhere in 3-4 years are those neural networks that do not are used, there are contacts are cut off. And this, well, here, you know, how tree pruning.
such is the metaphor in this neurobiological literature, which for For a tree to grow well, it is necessary cut off those branches that are weaker and even then It will give some stronger results there. Here the brain is actually pruning a huge number of contacts that are used less and it falls somewhere around the age of maximum this pruning is 3-4 years.
And they also explain that this synthetic pruning, it can affect to those memories that have already been saved, because somewhere something is being cut off and it It will be worse to remember then. That's it too one of those, well, straight cellular ones factors that suggest that children at some point, well, they get circumcised memories and then they start like a new library of these declarative ones to build memories.
That's it. And, uh, already, to end with these memories, I it's just funny, because recently with a neighbor they were just talking about some plans on vacation and all. And he says: "Here we are "We're going somewhere there." And that's what they thought, little one.
to take with you Well, I already want to to go there. And I tell my wife, she says: "Yes Why are you taking her? She's still all that. will forget.
"This is how it will be." I heard that too. I heard that, I thought, God, how rationally. Although in reality it is very It is important that the child is there, so that traveled because she would have these emotions to form that she is with dad and mom I went somewhere, but he somehow... You know, it's really like her brothers, all this pay more for her, and she's in museums drag, she won't remember anything.
This is it She will be 5 years old, we will be there, so... carry. I think, well, there's something to this, because the child definitely won't remember it there Are all these paintings in, well, there or something? museums. This will all pass completely by.
Well, unless there's something really special that... Will something big, scary, or something else happen there? That's it. So what's the point? Better simple to play on the playground.
Well, in some way, So I understand correctly what this essentially means cannot be called false memories, therefore that, well, they're just ours, well, if only they does not exist. Here are the children, if we are there somewhere Someone told us about our childhood there.
some event, we don't remember it, but because of what we were told, we essentially appropriated it for themselves. Yes.
Yes. Well, they appropriated it. as part of your picture of the world, but we ourselves are more likely to We don't remember all this. I also wanted to ask about the false ones.
memoirs. I have read of situations where People were imprisoned because of false memories. There was such a case, if I'm not mistaken, in America, when the girl turned to therapy and in conversation somehow The psychotherapist convinced her that she was raped by her own father, despite the fact that that she was unsure about it and she they inspired it so much that later she spoke in court, uh, telling the story to details, but then somehow through many years it was able to prove that he actually didn't do it. That's how it is then justice must act? Are there any regulation of this? Well, let's put it this way, lawyers There's a lot of talk about this now, and it's, uh, really big problem with these false memories in people's testimonies, because actually it is possible, uh, by the way they treat question, to bring a person to it some kind of testimony that she actually she is not sure.
Especially when concerning some evidence, some crime. This is usually very stressful. situation. In a stressful situation we memory is not working well. That is, we can to fixate on something that makes us the most is not there, let's say, there, well, I don't know, some kind of gun barrel, which They brought it there, or there's some kind of knife and that's it It will be a little blurry around here, yes, because this is the danger, that's it here it is as memorable as possible, and everything, that it won't be very good around here to be remembered And on this you can to play very, well, unfairly, because actually asking the question and if we want to cause a person to testify against someone, and then it can be done quite easily make.
That is, there it is, depending on how we will ask questions that she saw it. E several times repeat that you are sure there that you saw this particular person, so what went into the room to show some several witnesses and say that, well, that is, here you can play on the eye on the This is our non-volatile memory. AND Many such stories are described in specific literature.
Well, here. simply, let's say I'm not an expert in matters jurisprudence, but it is simply necessary keep in mind that you can't rely on in human memory, because it is actually very vulnerable and especially in In such situations, there are some things that depend on classic such, I remember, studies m there were psycho psychologists back in the 70s showed examined, for example, video ee ee There was an accident and they showed that there were two people driving cars, they looked there and said: "Tell me, are you, are you, are you remembered what happened after those two cars crashed into each other there one?" And they asked the others: "What are you remembered after these two cars "Did they touch each other?" Well, just... one word is different.
And those who asked what had crashed into each other, they said that they and they saw how The glass broke, something like that. Actually the glass did not break.
Just when they asked these people what they told them, what they crashed into each other, then they accordingly, they began to say that we we remember that such and such happened there destruction. And those who said that touched, they said: "Well, touched and maybe there's a little something there Somewhere there's a part bent, but oh well somehow "different words are emotionally colored." Yes, yes, that is, this is it and the memories will already be there others, so this is a very dangerous thing and I think that this can be manipulated and you really need to be careful, well, if only before that approach in questioning witnesses because really, a lot of people just can to serve a sentence purely because that they were misinformed.
And besides The person is convinced that this was so. Yes, we reminisced with you about childhood, about muscle memory. Uh, when, uh, I was yesterday I once posted a question, already shaped our script, I wrote to colleagues: "Friends who know how to play the musical instruments, because I don't I know, but I was curious to know if people, for example, who studied in childhood play the piano conventionally and then not practiced, whether they are adults "They'll be able to play something." And we were there talking that we really have colleagues who know how to play musical instruments.
AND my colleague Valeria said, for example, that she can sit down repeat without thinking, but not a complete work conditionally. Then my other colleague said that it takes effort to to remember something on the guitar, for example to play.
And there are people who will recreate, without even looking, uh, completely composition without problems. I have, because I have no musical taste for music.
absolutely none, I can do the same say with knitting. I don't remember when. I probably practiced this back in school, but it was a common craft, so that my grandmother knitted for me. Eh, and actually, if you give me knitting needles right now, I I think I can mechanically do it.
repeat. Why is this happening? Well, look, this is just an example of this. procedural memory. And she, if she has already formed, it is considered quite so stable. Uh, so we have are forming, uh, well, let's say, ensembles neurons that are involved in the execution of this actions.
The more often we repeated it, the stronger traces. When we don't use this skill, then, of course, a little bit of these there contacts will weaken, yes, synapses there will fall off if we do this directly We don't do it at all. But this is not this is not complete destruction occurs of this collection of neurons.
Therefore, in principle, when you, that is, in what The question is, why can someone do more for you? Yes. Yes.
It's different for everyone. Well, these are just these individual differences that tell us how much connections that were formed during mastering a skill and the number of repetitions that were then, when they did it. That's why, really, if 20 years have passed and nothing at all they didn't play anything there, so probably more like some kind of fragmentary will be able to play from memory, but rather They will be able to play the notes anyway.
Simply this is just my story with music tool. So I graduated from music school. school and then it's not like I don't have it I don't have a piano at home, so I don't have the opportunity. play.
But if I see him somewhere, then I I can, well, actually, I'm on my own now. Of course I can't play like I do. played, but I can find some fragments there those pieces that I used to play very often, I can, well, literally play a fragment from memory, but if I put notes, then I will gradually, gradually I will be with read the letter because I remember these notes.
Well, it's like reading, right? I remember once, Of course, that wouldn't be right. Well then. This is already relative, well, memory, it is It hasn't gone anywhere, it's in my brain, Don't erase it. Especially since she was formed in childhood.
And these are the skills that formed in childhood, they are most hold strong throughout life. Here in I have a sister who also graduated. music school, and she played even then much better than me.
Well, that is, we have If you compare, she played easier, she could somehow improvise, that is, I I could have just written it there, according to the note, I learned it somehow, but it's difficult for me. was.
She is definitely the best. The abilities were for all this. That's her. now she uh listened to a lecture about how important it is to play musical instruments tools, how it has a beneficial effect on brain. And they bought this one synthesizer, but uh, well, it's not like that piano straight.
And she plays beautifully. At first it was difficult for her there. to restore, but then it went away and now she, Well, I remembered it perfectly. Uh, well, she probably had it from the very beginning more of these connections between different brain structures, because musical skills, they require very complex, ee, synchronous actions of many structures, because right now, well, it's difficult.
This is play, and listen to feedback, or that note, or not, and reading, well, notes. And this everything, it's a really cool way to train your brain, especially in childhood, because these connections between hemispheres, which are very useful to perform any operations afterwards, and these are the two hemispheres that constantly have to exchange information pra right, left so that all this is synchronous. Well, if it was built then, then it was built then it will be easier to recover.
Well, and We definitely have differences in the number of these connections. Everyone has a brain, well, generally similar, but there is no the same. And this is the connective, connectivity, brain connectome, that's right is called.
This is the nature of brain connections. everyone is unique. Somewhere in your The weaving zones are firmly woven together. That is, to restore certain skills we we can.
If absolutely, if you already know how to do it, then you you will restore it much faster than a person who has never done it. Well, this It is proven by practice.
Friends, it's time. to take up the craft you practiced in childhood to restore it. Yes. And it can now be obtained from this pleasure, because in childhood it was from, well, someone forcing more likely, yes. Yes, yes, and going to this music school, for which, by the way, I am always grateful endlessly to their parents, that they are this was forced because all the research show that it is very good is transferred to another sphere and it then improves the solution of various tasks, attention, switching, everything.
That is This is a very good skill, huh? develops the brain as a whole. Not not independently from whether the person then goes to musical direction or not. This is useful.
Probably to sum up our conversation, I will ask. It will be like this complex question. And first of all, I I think everyone can bring some an example of why he remembers a detail, which he absolutely does not need. For example, I remember the lyrics of songs 2000s, when this was the period such a Ukrainian-speaking surge.
I am here. I remember them very well, even though I was small. And why do I remember them, I don't I know, but play it when the music I can play it perfectly. Or am I there? I remember when I was at university, on the first university day, well, here I understand, perhaps the emotional coloring is what All my classmates were children.
to describe in detail, although the classmates themselves no longer remember why they were dressed. This was really something for you.
very important. That's why we remember some, perhaps, things that seem unnecessary to us, but We forget the necessary things. Well, unnecessary things, that's what we can do seem like they're not needed because themselves noticed that it could be some kind of the situation that was for you at that moment significant and you, maybe it's just not realized.
What's with the music here, still I'll repeat myself, the songs are exactly like that mnemonic incentives. And even we are so famous technique when you need to remember something unnecessary heavy information.
We have in There is a lot of anatomy that needs some structure names, there are sequences. Hey, Well, that means there's a lot that needs to be done. remember, this is a well-known technique make a song out of this.
That is, if you can you put something on the song and sing it, it's easy to remember Well, very good. And so you can meet There are a lot of them on YouTube.
I often look directly such and such information. Nemonica is there too son. Well, usually it's English speakers, but you can also search here. Almost everything.
THERE ARE The songs, they're so bad. Er, that is it It doesn't have to be some kind of masterpiece. Well, like the alphabet, here's a song about alphabets English, that's essentially it, and a song about the alphabet, a song about the eyes e e geological periods.
This is in biology. it's always so hard to remember what's going on there What was going on? You can put all this stuff there. some kind of song and add it once effort and then this is beautiful works.
So music is something special. and it helps. But, that is, well, music I understand why you remember. Tim more meaningful music during which you grew up there.
I also remember perfectly all the songs that were in my childhood, in adolescence. I don't have them now at all. I'm listening, but if it turns on somewhere, I I can do the whole song.
repeat. And it's just amazing, though it really doesn't help me at all life. That's it. And where we need something remember, it's often us it actually not interesting. Well, that's what's needed.
to study at work. Yes, but it is motivation It doesn't turn us on emotionally. So, if we want to remember something, we need to make it emotional meaningful, uh, or somehow funny. This is it also works very well.
That is, somehow amazing, so that the brain is surprised and, uh, to remember these emotions again. Otherwise, you just need all sorts of tricks with repetitions, all these interval there, well, that is, there are all these pneumonic things.
That's it. But there is another explanation, which is simply related to the fact that in this the moment was happening in your brain. That is there are a million of these neurons, others cells.
It's somewhere there, they are. exchange various chemical signals. There is a lot of work going on there all the time, which We, thank God, are not unaware. Yes, It works there.
And let's say, maybe It could be that you ran somewhere before that, well, so you had a good physical activity. Ugh.
And after a while you got better. blood supply to the brain. This is the question that How can we improve all of this? Here physical activity is very something that is very contributes well to good memory, including including because it is improving blood supply to the brain, those come there substances that are necessary for normal the work of neurons and the establishment of new ones contacts. These are neurotrophic There are factors.
So it could be that you are It's just that at some point you realize something. You read it like it's nothing. special, well, some boring book that You need something there for tomorrow, well, some material and at this moment you are in that zone the brain, which is responsible for processing this type of information.
So, for example, this some kind of visual, well, you have some kind of scheme Look, there's some kind of turbine there. engine, I don't know, but it's not at all interesting.
So you're looking at him here too You just have a coincidence at this moment. circumstances. in this area of your brain blood comes in, and there's a lot of it neurotrophic factors, glucose, and in you are being started there at this moment new contacts are formed between neurons. This is called spontaneous synaptogenesis.
It just so happened that at this moment you had all the conditions for so that this information is very easy to remembered. And here you read two pages back there are the next ones, and that's all everything is a surge of this blood supply ended.
And you are tired, you already have There is not enough glucose. That is, that is you already have unfavorable conditions and you you watch and reread, and it's already there for you It just, well, doesn't work out because right now the brain is already in this area there are no all these favorable factors. On you will consciously influence this.
In fact, you don't You can direct your blood flow there. right here in this area. Yes, that is you. you know, you can eat normally, to maintain a certain level there the same glucose and nutrients, eh, amino acids in order to form there are neurotransmitters.
You can, in in principle, to do some physical activity there exercise, sports, because it's useful. But to guess directly like that, so that It helped you at that moment, well, It probably won't work out that way.
But if you you will do these things with your body, so overall it will have a good effect and on your cognitive abilities, memory. Well, if something just happened to be remembered, So at that moment you have a lot of people there and The synapse has formed.
I have these too. things that I remember some names of, Latin terms for these plants, which we taught in the first year of botany. I am not nerd, I don't need it at all, but that's just a side effect.
I am here. They give me a bouquet, and I can say everything that it is there, what it gives me, gives nothing. But that's how it turned out.
I have then was correct some substances in those areas of the brain. You can only boast of such knowledge and describe. When I have inspiration, I do it, but not always.
Maybe, as you said, maybe it's for you. it just seems like it's not needed, but The brain just happened. But let it be so me, I don't know, that is, except that I I can read some instructions there.
pharmacy and understand what is included there the composition of the soothing tea, I understand, which is good, but it's such a bonus, because then I had favorable conditions for memorization. So I understand correctly that in order to To remember well, we must first a healthy lifestyle is needed the maximum we can create in in our present conditions.
That is, this balanced diet, sleep, when sleep, sleep - it's just all about this We have to start. First a dream, then everything else, because actually during sleep Memories are being imprinted. That is, it is key to memory.
Bonus little question, if we're already They remembered the dream. Why don't we sometimes Do we remember dreams? And we We wake up, it seems to us that we remember, and then like a blank slate. During sleep, our brain is inactive.
prefrontal cortex. That is, if record the activity of various structures brain, very well active visual cortex, there's the amygdala, that emotion, the hippocampus maybe it's all overwritten there, but prefrontal, what kind of working memory, It doesn't work for us, so you can't use it. remember.
It is not the task of sleep to you remembered dreams. But there are some things we still remember still. So she, well, something you remember, but in general those structures that are involved in active memorization, they also rest during, well, so if And here we can talk about emotionality, what if there is something like that emotionally, and if something is emotional, then it's a custom even through sleep we break through we remember something that is striking because Almond is not sleeping.
I can conclude from our today's conversation that our brain just kind of amazing. Absolutely. That's how everything works, that's how everything is thought out. Nature is so cool, everything programmed for us there, which is very interesting to research it and to discuss it.
Ago, Ms. Victoria, thank you very much for coming. We were visited. And I hope, friends, you Can you write about your brain? question. Maybe we will again let's meet to make them interesting to discuss.
With pleasure. The brain is really absolutely endlessly amazing. I am so proud. I read and study it, I never cease to be amazed. That is, I have also the same fascination with this organ.
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