Ukrainian lawmakers pave the way for private small nuclear reactors, aiming to boost energy independence
The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is actively reviewing a new bill that aims to fundamentally transform the country’s energy landscape.
According to the draft law, private companies will gain the right to construct small modular reactors (SMRs), opening new opportunities for investment in Ukraine’s energy sector.
This initiative could be implemented within three to five years, providing the nation with additional energy resources in a short period.The legislation proposes the removal of the state monopoly on nuclear energy, allowing private investors to independently select licensed operators for their reactor projects.
Currently, these operators are appointed by the Cabinet of Ministers, but the new law will give private entities the authority to choose their operators.
At the same time, waste management will remain under state control to ensure environmental safety.A key speaker, Anatoliy Kostiukh, head of the relevant subcommittee, emphasized: “Investors will not come to Ukraine without access to affordable electricity.
Creating competitive conditions in the energy sector is our top priority.”Additionally, the bill suggests streamlining construction procedures and permitting the requalification of existing thermal power plant sites for small modular reactors, significantly reducing renovation costs and timelines.The authors argue that Ukraine risks a critical energy deficit due to ongoing war and aging thermal generation facilities, most of which have exhausted their operational lifespan and require costly renewal.
SMRs are seen as a promising solution — compact nuclear units up to 300 MW that can be quickly installed either on existing power plant sites or near industrial zones.
Manufacturers promise construction timelines of three to five years.According to Kostiukh’s presentation, SMR construction costs are estimated at $6,000–$12,000 per kW, while repurposing thermal plants costs around $2,000–$3,000 per kW.
This approach aims to rapidly enhance Ukraine’s energy capacity and ensure sector stability amid current challenges.