Ukrainians in Poland have made a significant contribution to the country’s economy, and this aspect has been confirmed by a new study jointly published by the consulting company Deloitte and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
According to analysts' estimates, in 2024, Ukrainian refugees and migrants contributed approximately 2.7% of Poland's total gross domestic product — considering all aspects of economic activity, their contribution is more than impressive for the country. The employment rate among the working-age Ukrainian population in Poland is about 69%, while for Polish citizens, this figure stands at 75%. This indicates a harmonious integration of Ukrainian migrants into the Polish labor market, where they are employed at nearly the same level as local compatriots. The report, titled "Analysis of the Impact of Ukrainian Refugees on the Polish Economy," provides a detailed examination of Ukrainians' role in the modern Polish economy and concludes that their presence has not hindered but rather contributed to its growth. The authors of the study emphasize that the influx of Ukrainian refugees has not led to increased unemployment or a decline in average wages in the country. On the contrary, their presence has stimulated an overall rise in employment, enhanced productivity of businesses, and increased income levels for workers. Furthermore, the study shows that many Ukrainian migrants perform jobs that do not correspond to their qualifications. Only about one-third of those with university degrees occupy positions requiring higher education. This results from language barriers and underestimation of their qualifications in Poland. At the same time, knowledge of Polish plays a key role in income levels: Ukrainians who speak Polish well, on average, earn about 700 złoty more per month than those who speak it at a basic level. The report is based on a comprehensive model that considers the full economic impact of immigration and refugees, including all public expenditures—from VAT contributions to payments into medical and social insurance funds. Such an approach allows for objective conclusions about the real impact of Ukrainians on the Polish economy and society as a whole. However, one should not overlook the political aspect of this issue. As reported earlier by "European Truth," the recent pre-election campaign in Poland more sharply highlighted a shift in attitudes toward Ukrainians within the Polish political elite and society. Nevertheless, the study emphasizes that the positive economic contribution of Ukrainians is undeniable and could serve as a foundation for further integration and cooperation. It remains to be hoped that the political discourse will not hinder constructive coexistence and the development of friendly relations between the two nations.